Gender Inequality An Ordinal Hierarchy Between Men And...

Gender equality has always been a prominent and complex subject in society, ‘a hotly contested concept [as] the precise meaning remains subject to continuous change and, as a result, to political struggle’, (Ridgeway, 2011: Preface). Ridgeway (2011: 3) defines gender inequality as ‘an ordinal hierarchy between men and women in material resources, power, and status’. Despite the considerable progress that has been made over the past decades, ‘a pattern of gender hierarchy has remained in which men continue to be advantaged not only in employment but also throughout much of society’, (Ridegeway, 2011: page 3). We can understand ‘time’ as a major issue of gender inequality, just as important as care and employment issues, yet ‘policies for more equal time are nowhere on the agenda’, (Pascall, 2008: 216). Gender inequality in time, can be measured using time use surveys. They are most useful in sufficiently recognising and collecting information on unpaid work, revealing ‘the disproportionate amount of time women dedicate to unpaid labor’, (Gross and Swirsk 2002 :4). This essay will then, focus on gendered time in order to outline what gender inequality is, how it measured and why it matters in contemporary society. This essay aims to provide evidence of how time may be gendered and what measures can be set in place to address these inequalities in time. Time is crucial in understanding gender inequalities and making progress towards greater gender equality in society (Pascall:Show MoreRelatedFeminism in India4692 Words   |  19 PagesWikipedia, the free encyclopedia Part of  a series  on | Feminism | Women  and  femininity[show] | History[show] | Variants[show] | Concepts[show] | Theory[show] | By country[show] | Lists and indexes[show] |   Feminism portal | * v   * t   * e | Feminism in India  is a set of movements aimed at defining, establishing, and defending equal political, economic, and social rights and equal opportunities for Indian women. It is the pursuit of  womens rights  within the society of  IndiaRead MoreDimensions of National Culture1821 Words   |  8 Pagescultures, in order to build a comprehensive model which argues that people differ across on the extent to which they endorse five dimensions of values. The Five Dimensions of Culture: 1. Power/Distance (PD)  : This refers to the degree of inequality that exists – and is accepted – among people with and without power. A high PD score indicates that society accepts an unequal distribution of power and people understand their place in the system. Low PD means that power is shared and well dispersedRead MoreAnnotated Bibliography: Plagiarism39529 Words   |  158 PagesLink to bibliographic citation 1159) And that presents us with a problem when we are writing about our work for publications, whether in conference presentations, organisational websites or in journals like BJET. It is essential that we distinguish between the work that has been carried out by others and the work and the writing that is due to our original efforts. Most research projects will start with a comprehensive study of the literature to determine what has been found in the past, and it is

The Walmart Case And Applied The Concepts Exposed By Cage...

3. Strategy Formation We analyzed the Walmart case and applied the concepts exposed by CAGE distance framework (Cultural, Administrative, Geographic, and Economic Distance). We saw how Walmart took notable advantage in some foreign regions such as Mexico and Canada. However the CAGE distance proved to be disappointingly significant for Walmart and produced mixed results not even close to the dominance exhibited in the US and in some others foreign locations this proved to be a disastrous venture (Germany China). This aspect is very important when we seek to form and create strategy, in essence we should ask ourselves if we are looking at the problems, issues, or proposed strategy from the same lens. It is very often that we overlook†¦show more content†¦Also significant to my edification was the lessons that high risk/high reward does not imply high cost or highly resourced, but rather can mean integrating, combining, adapting from already existing technologies and ideas from passionate individuals (Abraham Karem /Predator drone, Steve Jobs/I-products and Elon Musk /Tesla). The DARPA case had me thinking of strategy implementation, and how well do we get focused on integrating and putting an actual strategy into practice to meet our organizational goals. The idea behind DARPA arose in 1958 from an American urgency to not fall behind in the Cold War with the Soviet Union and the quickening pace of technology (USSR had launched world’s first satellite Sputnik). So hence this notion of research, gathering and cultivating breakthrough technologies that can quickly be moved to transformative ideas and consequential new realities as opposed to playing catch-up. The case study about TESLA was very insightful in the relentless quest for innovation and redefining the world’s transition to sustainable energy. It is inexplicable at times to understand the current policies of our administration such as the US withdrawal from Paris climate agreement. However the road has been paved for the investment in renewable energy and we now see more and more world governments, global commerce and transnational industry are embarking on a plan toShow MoreRelatedCase Study148348 Words   |  594 Pages978-0-273-73552-6 (web) All rights reserved. Permission is hereby given for the material in this publication to be reproduced for OHP transparencies and student handouts, without express permission of the Publishers, for educational purposes only. In all other cases, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without either the prior written permission of the Publishers orRead MoreManagement Course: Mba−10 General Management215330 Words   |  862 PagesChange Text Cohen †¢ Effective Behavior in Organizations, Seventh Edition 14. Initiating Change 174 174 Text iii Cases 221 221 225 The Consolidated Life Case: Caught Between Corporate Cultures Who’s in Charge? (The)(Jim)(Davis)(Case) Morin−Jarrell †¢ Driving Shareholder Value I. Valuation 229 229 253 279 1. The Value−Based Management Framework: An Overview 2. Why Value Value? 4. The Value Manager Harvard Business Review Finance Articles Eclipse of the Public Corporation Read MoreLogical Reasoning189930 Words   |  760 Pages......................................................................................... 488 The Scientific Method ........................................................................................................................ 490 Some Case Studies ............................................................................................................................. 491 Review of Major Points .....................................................................................

Did the Civil War Ultimately reduce sectional antagonism and make the United States truly one nation free essay sample

Prior to Civil War, distinct Northern and Southern cultures had been established; The free North occupied the commercial industry, while the slavery-based South undertook an agricultural occupation. The South and the North began to fight over right and wrong. The major issue was regarding slavery, as the South wanted to preserve slavery while, the North wanted to get rid of it. These conflicts rose into sectional antagonism and eventually put the United States and President Lincoln in a loophole. During the Civil War however, Lincoln made some extremely controversial decisions, that resulted in a reduction of the sectional antagonism present, and the United States became truly â€Å"one nation. † The sectional issue of slavery erupted when the Fugitive Slave Law was passed in 1850. This law provided for the recovery of slaves who ran away to free states. Owners and slave catchers could seize their runaway slaves in the Northern. To accomplish this, Southern slave owners could demand assistance from federal marshals. The Northerners, many of whom were abolitionists, charged that the law made it easy to kidnap free African Americans. This dispute continued for years, until Abraham Lincoln was elected into office in 1860. Lincoln had expressed his concerns about the expansion of slavery. The Republicans had nominated Lincoln for President on a platform that opposed extending slavery into the territories. Many Southern states seceded from the Union following the fall of Ft. Sumter in 1861 (Document B and C). General Beauregard stated, â€Å"I cheerfully agreed that on surrendering the fort the commanding officer might salute his flag. † Union Commander at Ft. Sumter Maj. Robert Anderson stated, â€Å"Fort Sumter is left in ruins from the effect of the shell whilst saluting our flag as it was lowered. † During the time of the fall of the fort, there had been a considerable difference of opinion as to whether the federal government should oppose secession. Northerners wanted slave states out of the Union. Northerners figured that in a South cut off from the industrial North, slavery would wither away. Copperheads, or Northern Democrats, sympathized with the South and asked, â€Å"Why fight? † Fort Sumter united most Northerners, but only increased the tensions with the South. Lincolns was not interested in conflict. His main and only goal was to preserve the Union. He stated, â€Å"I have no purpose, directly or indirectly, to interfere with the institution of slavery in the states where it exists. † According to Document A (Lincolns First Inaugural Address), he mentioned that â€Å"[Americans] are not enemies, but friends. † Although their â€Å"passion may have strained it must not break the bonds of affection†. It shows that from the beginning of the Civil War, Lincoln believed there were â€Å"never† enemies and he believed that there shouldn’t be any antagonisms among people of United States. Despite his belief, the South refused to re-enter the Union. There were many soldiers such as Daniel Crotty, who were fighting and suffering to preserve the Union. He stated, â€Å"camp life here is very hard, the weather being very hot, and we drill a great deal. † He went on to explain the duties of the soldiers, â€Å"guard mount, guard duty, picket duty, and fatigue duty. † However, throughout the Civil War, people, who, at first, believed that they were fighting for a good cause, accepted that their disputes were useless and began to change their mind. According to Document E from Life of a Confederate Soldier, Sam Watkins, it said that all the glory and money went to â€Å"generals, colonels, majors, captains, and lieutenants. † Also it said that â€Å"generals could resign in honor, but a private could not resign and if he deserts the army, the result was death†. Many private soldiers such as Watkins from the Confederate side who fought in battles with â€Å"dint of sweat, hard marches, camp and picket duty, fasting and broken bones† questioned why the generals and high ranking officials get the honor and glory when the privates should have received them. Abolition of slavery would help the North hurt the South. Slavery was a crucial issue on the Unions diplomatic front with Britain. Lincoln realized that he could use emancipation as a weapon of war as the war was now primarily being fought over slavery. He also wanted to satisfy his own personal hope that everyone everywhere would eventually be free. So in June 1862, Congress passed a law prohibiting slavery in the territories. Lincoln issued the final form of his Emancipation Proclamation (Document F). It stated, â€Å"slaves within any State shall be then, thencefoward, and forever free. † The proclamation had a powerful symbolic effect. It broadened the base of the war by turning it in to a fight for unity. The climax of the war occurred at Gettysburg, where General Ulysses S. Grant faced General Robert E. Lee. The Union had won the war, by cutting the Confederacy into two halves. Shortly after, Lincoln gave his famous Gettysburg Address (Document G), in which he stated that all men are created equal. He was not only trying to acknowledge the slaves, but also the section issues living between the North and South. He stated, â€Å"God shall have a new birth of freedom by the people, for the people shall not perish from the earth. † In addition to this, the results after the Civil War showed that there was a reduction in antagonisms in U. S. At his Second Inaugural Address, Lincoln announced the imperative duty of American people to, â€Å"proceed with malice toward none; with charity toward all to finish the work we are in; to bind up the nations wounds. † Lee surrendered to Grant at Appomattox Court house in Virginia. According to Document H by General US Grant, he promised General Robert E. Lee that â€Å"each officer and man will be allowed to return to his home, not to be disturbed by the U. S authorities so long as they observed their paroles, and the laws in force where they may reside†. By not acting harshly and not punishing the Confederate soldiers, the Union and Abraham Lincoln showed that they no longer had the â€Å"hostility† or the â€Å"antagonism† toward South at the end of Civil War. Ultimately, The Civil War was a brutal war, but assisted in reducing the sectional antagonisms and joined the United States together once again. However, most of the credit for this union between the South and North was given to Lincoln. His decisions regarding slavery helped join the two sectors together into one nation. Before the Civil War, the North and South were clearly divided; however, throughout and after Civil War, the hostility against each other died out.

Porter Essays - Critical Thinking, Narratology, Rhetoric, Proverb

Porter I: Organizational Pattern: Rogerian Christa Porter examines what a true friend is. She does this by establishing a presentation with a Rogerian pattern as it's basis. This pattern is seen in several aspects mentioned by Porter, the more obvious aspect is when she invites the audience to give their opinion of what a true friend is. Porter is basically discovering what the listener's positions are when asking what they think a true friend is. Porter also reveals her pattern choice when she presents her own ideas, primarily supported by relevant Bible scriptures. II: Elaborative Devices: Q & A, Rhetorical Questions, Religion, Definition (operational), Discussion, Proverbs Christa Porter developed her argument and presentation thoroughly by including a slew of elaboration devices. Initially, Porter feels including a short discussion of what the listeners already know, what a friend is, would be very affective. Rhetorical questions play a role in Porter's development of her presentation, she asks the audience several of these questions relating to what they would do, think and know. Definitions can be useful, especially when you are trying to invite the listeners to disclose what they think the meaning of something is. Porter uses an operational definition to accomplish the task of defining what a true friend is and does Lastly, Porter takes full advantage of the effectiveness of the usage of Proverbs and religion by using several verses from Proverbs as support for her argument. III: Interactional Goal: To Articulate a Perspective One of the easier elements to point out is Porter's interactional goal, which happens to be articulating a perspective. To see this interactional goal at work just simply take a step back and look at how she develops her presentation. Porter shares information about what a true friend is and then presents her point of view about friendship. She additionally encourages others to become involved in the presentation and discussion. IV: Conclusion Porter's conclusion is short but somewhat effective. I recall when you mentioned in class that the conclusion should actually be a bit longer than those mentioned in our textbooks. Porter sets up her conclusion by providing a situation that shows the elements of a true friendship. The conclusion is accomplished when she compares and contrasts the given situation with a hypothetical friendship with God. V: Commitment Statement: This element is one of the easier pieces to disect from the presentation, mainly because of it's structure. Porter takes what you called ?the easy way out?, by using the phrase, ?today we are going to talk about something?. Basically Porter's commitment statement is, she wants to talk about a familiar topic (friendship) while receiving new ideas from the listeners. VI: Opening & Closing: I saved this analysis for last, because I feel she spent the least amount of time developing these elements within her presentation. First of all her opening consists of only ?Good Morning Y'all?, granted it is a Sunday School class, it still, I feel, requires a more elaborative style. For example, she could have said, ?Good Morning Everyone, God is good and worthy to be praised, etc. Something along those lines would have been more appropriate. VII: Compare & Contrast: Porter made some wise choices as well as bad choices. Even though the setting and audience are relatively neutral, because they all know each other, I feel Porter's opening would have been more effective if slang and trendy word choices had not been used. As far as bad choices or elements, Porter did not include any such further aspects within her presentation. On the other hand, Porter's wise choices were made when she used that small discussion at the beginning of the presentation. This discussion enticed the listeners to recall information about realistic relevant happenings in their lives. This sort of provoking is what is necessary to the persuasive nature of Sunday School. Another wise choice is when Porter chose to include an explanation of what a true friend is and how that friend may act in a given situation. This was effective primarially because it allowed the listeners to establish a sense of nostalgia within past and present friendships. VIII: Lastly, Porter's closing is somewhat embedded within her conclusion. She mention's that the point of her presentation is trusting in God, but does not add any good-byes, thank yous or at least

Chart of the U.S. Presidents and Vice Presidents

Chart of the U.S. Presidents and Vice Presidents The first line of Article II Section 1 of the US Constitution states, The executive power shall be vested in a President of the United States of America. With these words, the office of the president was established. Since 1789 and the election of George Washington, Americas first president, 44 individuals have served as the Chief Executive of the United States. However, Grover Cleveland served two nonconsecutive terms which means that the next president of the United States will be number 46. The unamended Constitution mandated that a president would serve for four years. However, nowhere did it state if there was to be a limit on the number of terms to which they could be elected. However, President Washington set a precedent of only serving two terms which was followed until November 5, 1940 when Franklin Roosevelt was elected for a third term. He would go on to win a fourth before dying in office. The twenty-second amendment was passed soon afterward that would limit presidents to only serving two terms or ten years.   This chart includes the names of all presidents of the United States, as well as links to their biographies. Also included are the names of their vicepresidents, their political party and terms in office. You might also be interested in reading about what presidents are on the bills  of US currency.   Chart of the Presidents and Vice-Presidents PRESIDENT VICE-PRESIDENT POLITICAL PARTY TERM George Washington John Adams No Party Designation 1789-1797 John Adams Thomas Jefferson Federalist 1797-1801 Thomas Jefferson Aaron BurrGeorge Clinton Democratic-Republican 1801-1809 James Madison George ClintonElbridge Gerry Democratic-Republican 1809-1817 James Monroe Daniel D Tompkins Democratic-Republican 1817-1825 John Quincy Adams John C Calhoun Democratic-Republican 1825-1829 Andrew Jackson John C CalhounMartin Van Buren Democratic 1829-1837 Martin Van Buren Richard M. Johnson Democratic 1837-1841 William Henry Harrison John Tyler Whig 1841 John Tyler None Whig 1841-1845 James Knox Polk George M Dallas Democratic 1845-1849 Zachary Taylor Millard Fillmore Whig 1849-1850 Millard Fillmore None Whig 1850-1853 Franklin Pierce William R King Democratic 1853-1857 James Buchanan John C Breckinridge Democratic 1857-1861 Abraham Lincoln Hannibel HamlinAndrew Johnson Union 1861-1865 Andrew Johnson None Union 1865-1869 Ulysses Simpson Grant Schuyler ColfaxHenry Wilson Republican 1869-1877 Rutherford Birchard Hayes William A Wheeler Republican 1877-1881 James Abram Garfield Chester Alan Arthur Republican 1881 Chester Alan Arthur None Republican 1881-1885 Stephen Grover Cleveland Thomas Hendricks Democratic 1885-1889 Benjamin Harrison Levi P Morton Republican 1889-1893 Stephen Grover Cleveland Adlai E Stevenson Democratic 1893-1897 William McKinley Garret A. HobartTheodore Roosevelt Republican 1897-1901 Theodore Roosevelt Charles W Fairbanks Republican 1901-1909 William Howard Taft James S Sherman Republican 1909-1913 Woodrow Wilson Thomas R Marshall Democratic 1913-1921 Warren Gamaliel Harding Calvin Coolidge Republican 1921-1923 Calvin Coolidge Charles G Dawes Republican 1923-1929 Herbert Clark Hoover Charles Curtis Republican 1929-1933 Franklin Delano Roosevelt John Nance GarnerHenry A. WallaceHarry S. Truman Democratic 1933-1945 Harry S. Truman Alben W Barkley Democratic 1945-1953 Dwight David Eisenhower Richard Milhous Nixon Republican 1953-1961 John Fitzgerald Kennedy Lyndon Baines Johnson Democratic 1961-1963 Lyndon Baines Johnson Hubert Horatio Humphrey Democratic 1963-1969 Richard Milhous Nixon Spiro T. AgnewGerald Rudolph Ford Republican 1969-1974 Gerald Rudolph Ford Nelson Rockefeller Republican 1974-1977 James Earl Carter, Jr. Walter Mondale Democratic 1977-1981 Ronald Wilson Reagan George Herbert Walker Bush Republican 1981-1989 George Herbert Walker Bush J. Danforth Quayle Republican 1989-1993 William Jefferson Clinton Albert Gore, Jr. Democratic 1993-2001 George Walker Bush Richard Cheney Republican 2001-2009 Barack Obama Joe Biden Democratic 2009-2017 Donald Trump Mike Pence Republican 2017 -

Free sample - Time to Eradicate our Rotten Education System. translation missing

Time to Eradicate our Rotten Education System. Time to Eradicate our Rotten Education SystemEducation systems all over the world should be designed with sole purpose of offering best quality education to the student without infringing on their rights. It is paramount to bear in mind that the benefits accrued from education can only be realized if proper planning is done while implementing education systems. Some leaders, who get opportunities to head institutions of learning, end up abusing their powers by implementing education systems without proper consultations. Being adamant to change has contributed to the maintenance of many education systems that are not fit for the contemporary society. In today’s education culture, there are lots of aspects that have come to become an important part and parcel of our children educational development (Middaugh 36).   Keeping in mind the pace at which the world is moving today, we must consider aspects like technology as an important part of the education system. In the online culture which young children are used to, it is possible to access millions of documents containing information on different topics. In many occasions, the methods that our teachers use to interact with our students are quite outdated and need to be overhauled. It is therefore not a mystery that our education system needs to get an overall facelift and the good news is that many people agree with this kind of move. Better still, several organizations are joining their efforts in order to effect and incite such a change. In one of his Memoirs Alan Greenspan wrote that â€Å"The solution to some of the gravest problems we face as a society lies on reforming the way we educate our children† (Middaugh 40).   I totally agree with this man as this is important in the course of making a long-term overhaul of the whole system. The current education system is centralized and is supposed to provide quality education to pupils and students in schools across the country.   This system has actually created lots of inequalities across the country. These inequalities are distributed within the available opportunities. Furthermore, this has caused unevenness in the educational achievement in the fields of mathematics, reading and science. The failure of the education system to cope with the advancements of the current era has led it to increasingly being bureaucratic, cumbersome and very clunky, causing abject failure for millions of youths who leave high school with little to show for it (Varenne 57). Keeping in mind that we have already had more than our fair share of education in the United States, what we need to have is the spirit of enterprise, which most people learn at the work place rather than at school. Things like the school leaving age and other outdated factors need to be phased out in an effort to reform our education system. In conclusion, education reform is a process that is never ending and places the stakeholders in a difficulty position. Sometimes it is hard to know which reforms will achieve the desired goals but it is time that this agenda was taken to the next level.

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol - Term Paper Example Advantages/ Benefits of DHCP 1. minimized IP Address configuration errors as is attributed with the manual IP address configurations to computers 2. Network administration tasks are reduced since the TCP/IP configurations are now centralized and automated, it’s easy to handle efficiently ip addresses for client machines whose IP addresses change frequently i.e. devise on wireless network. 3. There is no address duplication since there’s automatic assignment of IP addresses. Significance of DHCP All devices on a TCP/IP-based network are required to have unique IP addresses to help the computers access the network and share resources. Without using a DHCP, it means that IP addresses must be reconfigured anytime a computer is added or moved to a different subnet and similarly the IP addresses be reclaimed when a computer from the network. DHCP on the other hand comes in handy by automating the entire process as well as central management of the same. The DHCP protocol is c ontained in the DHCP server which holds a pool of IP addresses and leases the given IP addresses to client machines which join the network. It uses the concept of ‘lease’ or time length that a particular IP address remains valid. The DHCP is an extension of BOOTp protocol which is an earlier network IP management protocol. Implemeting a DHCP eliminates some of configuration problems associated with manually configured TCP/IP. Some of the parameters that are passed to a DHCP client include: The clients IP address A subnet mask Default gateway Domain Name Servers Network servers Time synchronization information. Manual TCP/IP addressing Configuration The limitations of configuring TCP/IP manually mean that: 1. It’s easy for users to pick a random IP address instead of getting a valid IP address. These incorrect IP addresses lead to network problems which become difficult to trace 2. Manually typing of IP addresses, subnet masks or default gateways leads to communic ation problems if the credentials are wrong. 3. There are administrative overheads on internetworks when computers are frequently changed between subnets. How DHCP works DHCP server offers an automated method for IP address distribution and updating on a given network. The server offers this information to the particular client through a series of message exchanges called DHCP conversations or DHCP transactions. For communication on different subnets, a DHCP relay agent is preferred to aid the conversation. DHCP Architecture A DHCP architecture consists of DHCP servers, DHCP clients and DHCP relay agents. The DHCP client is a network-enabled device that enables the communication with the DHCP server for the purpose of getting a dynamically leased IP address. DHCP is supported in the following operating systems: Windows NT version 4, Windows 2000, Windows XP, Windows server 2003, windows 98, windows ME. The DHCP Server is in charge of maintaining the scope, reservations as well as op tions as set by the given administrator. Configuring a DHCP client Normally the DHCP client TCP/IP software is never configured with a static IP address but instead configured to get/obtain the IP address dynamically from the DHCP server. The leasing process of TCP/IP configuration involves the following four steps: DHCPDISCOVER-the DHCP client will broadcast a DHCP discover message that contains its specific MAC address as well as the computer name in attempt to request for an IP address from

The evolution of rape to sexual assault legislation and its impact on Essay

The evolution of rape to sexual assault legislation and its impact on sentencing - Essay Example This is because; married women were considered to be the property of their husbands and, therefore, forced coitus by one’s spouse was not considered a crime. In this instance, it was only considered a crime if the female was an unmarried virgin. Over time, these laws have evolved so as to ensure fairness in the way such cases are handled. However, there is still inconsistency among various states in regards to the laws that relate to sexual assault. Despite all these factors, what is evident is that presently, forced penetration of both genders is a serious offence under the law. There are still some grey areas in regards to the actual definition and understanding of terms such as consent and force. It has now been widely established that forced penetration of an individual is known as rape. Recently, the definition of rape has been enhanced to include penetration without force but also without consent. Rape is a sensitive matter and these varying opinions make it difficult for one to really know if they are indeed victims of such assaults (Caringella, 2009). This will also influence their decisions to seek legal redress and report the crime to the relevant authorities. Much of this change is due to feminist groups in the United States who struggled to ensure that the rights of women were protected in regards to rape. They have been at the front line in coming up with the correct definitions and the laws that are used to prosecute offenders. It is the same group which has been at the forefront in lobbying for laws that protect women from violence. They also pushed for the adoption of rape shield laws. These laws protect a victim of sexual assault such that in case of a trial, the victim’s sexual history will not be questioned. Such questions are used to intimidate victims and try to insinuate that they had somehow attracted the rapists. By adoption of the laws, it is now easier for rape victims to report such incidences due to the fact that their

Writing an Article Summary Essay Example for Free

Writing an Article Summary Essay The first step to writing a summary of a specific reading material is, of course, to read the whole article. This is easier said than done because reading is not just scanning the whole page. It is about devoting time to understand the paper and digesting the whole article. Re-reading may also be needed to be familiarized with general information, hypothesis, results and interpretations found in the article. Reading the article is followed by taking down notes. Here, plagiarism should be avoided by all means. There is a world of difference between taking down notes and taking down notes properly. Sometimes, a sentence appears plagiarized even when the author did not intend do, all because of the improper ways of taking down notes. Note taking is also important in creating the outline or backbone of the summary that is about to be written. After this, the actual writing of the summary is next. In writing the draft, it is important to follow the order from the original text. The topic sentence must be mentioned first, followed by an explanation on why the article is a must-read. If there are methods, terms and variables and results included in the article, they, too, should be explained. This is the chance to omit sentences or information which the article can do without (Sweeney and Hooker, 2005). Critiquing the study comes next, where scouting for areas which need improvement is done. Here, questions about the credibility and value of the summary should be raised. Critiquing is a way to make sure that the summary is helpful, ethical and significant. It shows why it needs to be done. The fifth step is editing, which is a means to double-check the summary for accuracy and completeness. If the summary lacks important information, add some. If anything sounds redundant, cut it. Editing is about ensuring that the style of the summary remains to be intelligent. Wordiness, informal language, grammatical slips and misspelled words and misrepresentation should be looked after. The main purpose of editing is making sure that the summary is acceptable, readable and focused (Greenway, 1997). References Greenway, W. (1997). Writing a Summary. Youngstown State University. Retrieved July 9, 2008 from http://iws. ohiolink. edu/~sg-ysu/sumwg. html. Sweeney, T. and Fran H. (2005). Streamlining the Summary, Perfecting the Precis. Webster University Writing Center. Retrieved July 9, 2008 from http://www. webster. edu/acadaffairs/asp/wc/summary. html.

The Physics Of An Earthquake :: essays research papers

Earthquakes are vibrations produced in the earth's outer layer, or crust, when forces pushing on a mass of rock overcome the friction holding the rock in place and blocks of rock slip against each other. The vibrations can range from barely noticeable to verry destructive. There are six types of shock waves. Two are classified as body waves which means they travel through the earth's interior and the other four are surface waves. The waves are changed by the rock types or formations they hit. Primary or compressional waves (P waves) send particles moveing back and forth in the same direction as the waves are traveling, secondary or transverse shear waves (S waves) send vibrations perpendicular to their direction of travel. P waves always travel at higher velocities than S waves. Three general classes of earthquakes are now recognized as tectonic, volcanic, and artificially produced. The tectonic variety is by far the most destructive. The most commen cause of tectonic quakes is stre sses by movements of the dozen of major and minor plates that make up the earth's crust . Most tectonic quakes occur at the boundaries of these plates, in zones where one plate slides past another Subduction-zone quakes account for nearly half of the world's destructive seismic events and 75 percent of the earth's seismic energy. They are along the so-called Ring of Fire, a narrow band about 38,600 km long, that coincides with the sides of the Pacific Ocean. The points at which crustal rupture occurs in such quakes tend to be far below the earth's surface, at depths of up to 645 km. Not all subduction zones are subject to frequent earthquakes. The frequency and magnitude of earthquakes around subduction zones are related to the direction in which the plates are moving. If two plates moving in the same general direction come close together, generally the edge of one plate will slide below the other at a sharp angle. This reduces the amount of area in which the plates touch, so the subduction zone does not produce many earthquakes and any earthquakes it does produce are not as strong. If two plates are sliding beside each other, one plate will often be forced under the other at a shallow angle, making a large area of friction. This produces more frequent, stronger earthquakes. Tectonic earthquakes beyond the Ring of Fire occur in a variety of geological settings.

Expansion and contraction of matter Essay

Thermal Expansion and Contraction Most of the matters, without some exceptions, expand with the increasing temperature. When you give heat to matters; speed of its particles increase and distance between them also increase which results in the increase of the volumes of matters. All expansions occurs in volume of the substance however, sometimes some of the dimensions of them expand more with respect to others. In this case we neglect the less expanded ones and assume expansion like linear expansion in long materials. Moreover, we take the expansion of plate as area expansion and finally we take the expansion in three dimensions as volume expansion. thermal expansion Inverse of the expansion is called contraction, generally when matters lost heat and their temperatures decrease they contract. Now we will learn which factors effect expansion. If the initial volumes, areas or lengths of the matters are big enough their expansions with the same temperature are also big. In other words, expansion or contraction is linearly proportional to the initial volume of the matter. Different matters have different atomic structure, thus distances between the atoms are also different. They give different reactions to the same amount of temperature changes. So, another factor effecting expansion is type of matter. Final factor that affects expansion is the amount of change in temperature. Larger the change in temperature results in larger the change in the volume of matter. We get following formula from the explanations given above; ∆V=V0.ÃŽ ±. ∆T Where; ∆V is the change in the volume, ÃŽ ± is the coefficient of thermal expansion and ∆T is the change in the temperature of the matter. ÃŽ ±= Coefficient of thermal expansion is equal to the change in the volume of a unit of mass under 10C change in temperature. Expansion in Solid Matters We will examine this subject under three title, linear expansion, area expansion and volume expansion. Linear Expansion: Picture given below shows the linear expansion of metal rod. When it is heated, its length increases. linear expansion Our formula for linear expansion is; ∆L=L0.ÃŽ ±. ∆T Where; ∆L is the amount of change in the length of the rod, L0 is the initial length of the road, ÃŽ ± is the coefficient of linear expansion and ∆T is the change in the temperature of the matter. Example: There are three same metal rods having same length and thickness. If the temperatures of them are given like; T, 2T and 3T find the relations of final lengths of the rods. (Rods are in contact) We find the final temperatures of the system by the formula; Tfinal=T1+T2+T3/3=6T/3=2T Since the temperature of the first rod increase, its final length also increases. Temperature of the second rod stays same, thus there won’t be change in the length of this rod. Finally, temperature of the third rod decreases, thus its contract and final length of it decreases with respect to initial length. As a result relation of the final lengths of the rods; L1>L2>L3 Area Expansion: When plate given below is heated, it expands in two dimensions X and Y. We find the area expansion with the given formula; ∆S=S0.2ÃŽ ±. ∆T  Where; ∆S is the amount of change in the area of the plate, S0 is the initial area of the plate, 2ÃŽ ± is the coefficient of area expansion and ∆T is the change in the temperature of the matter. area expansion Example: We cut a circular piece from the rectangular plate. Which ones of the processes given below can help us in passing through the circular piece from the hole? expansion example I. Increasing the temperatures of rectangular plate and circular piece II. Decreasing the temperature of the circular piece III. Decreasing the temperatures of the rectangular plate and circular piece I. If we increase the temperatures of the plate and circular piece, expansion of the hole and the circular piece will be the same. Thus, this  option can help us. II. If we decrease the temperature of the circular piece, it contracts and hole becomes larger than the piece. This option can also help us. III. If we decrease the temperatures of the plate and circular piece, hole and circular piece contract in same size. This process can also help us. Volume Expansion: If the objects expand in volume with the gained heat, we call this volume expansion and find it with the following formula; ∆V=V0.3ÃŽ ±. ∆T  Where; ∆V is the amount of change in the volume of the cube, V0 is the initial volume of the cube, 3ÃŽ ± is the coefficient of volume expansion and ∆T is the change in the temperature of the matter. volume expansion Heat Temperature and Thermal Expansion Exams and Solutions  Phase Transition of Water< Prev Next > Heat Temperature and Expansion Cheat Sheet Tags:area expansioncalculations of thermal expansionlinear expansionsamples of thermal expansionthermal contractionthermal expansion and contractionvolume expansion

How Are Fashion and Appearance Central to the Construction?

How are fashion and appearance central to the construction of social identities? Fashion can be defined as the prevalent style and custom at a certain point in time. Besides being necessary and protecting us, clothing also shapes and defines us in the cultural, social and psychological aspect. It has been a part of culture and identity since the earliest of times. We live in a world where fashion and clothing play a significant role in shaping and determining the identity and social image of people. This physical appearance often determines other people’s impressions of us and becomes a measurement of our self-worth.Nowadays with an increased self-consciousness, establishing the social identity of a person, fashion and appearance have played a crucial role. Wilson (1992: 13) has said, ‘clothing in fact, has the unique characteristic of being able to express ideas about sex and the body while simultaneously it actually adorns the body. ’ While sexuality for both me n and women has largely been shaped by the central ideas of fashion and appearance, there is evidence indicating women have been impacted more by the influences of fashion than men have.Therefore it is possible to say women, who are strongly influenced by fashion, may be more susceptible to social identities as Craik (1994: 176) said, ‘women are fashionable but men are not. ’ Although Finkelstein (1996: 56) has argued that, ‘fashion has been seen as a device for confining women to an inferior social order,’ showing that these identities have not and are not always positive and empowering. In the concept of the ‘male gaze,’ the relationship between sex and sexuality in women’s fashion is entirely geared towards pleasing and catering to the male sexual desires.Although Craik (1993: 156) argues that, ‘despite the rhetoric that women dress to please men, other evidence suggest that women primarily dress to please other women. Further, there is no clear pattern as to whose ‘eyes’ women view other women through. ’ To see the progression of how fashion and appearance has become what it is and what it represents in the world today in creating social identities, the past plays a huge role.After the regimented discipline of World War II where fashion was purely functional, uniform and designed to blend in with the background there was a period where tough economic frugality which included rationing of almost every product, the unavailability of fabrics due to the collapse of the UK textile industry, very few imports because foreign currency restrictions and a general impoverishment of society as a whole. The fifties saw a gradual lifting of the stringent restrictions and along with the introduction of television and American made programming; a new sense of optimism took hold in the UK.Programmes such as girl  ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬debutantes (See Fig. 1) gave women a role of their own in society, unlike the ‘surrogate mens’ jobs in industry that they had to endure during the war. Sex and sexuality however was not key in the fashions of the time. The Calvinistic influence of the southern states American ‘Bible Belt’ in politics and popular culture determined distinct roles for women, and even though there were the beginnings of change, the only careers open were those of housewives, teachers and nurses.And then, with the dawn of the sixties, everything changed. America elected a young handsome president, JF Kennedy, the birth control pill was launched and a four piece band from Liverpool called the Beatles became gods for a whole new grouping. The teenager. Teenagers were rebellious, questioning, and everything that their parents were not. In America they protested against the Vietnam War while in England they questioned all authority from the local police constable to the Queen herself.Sexuality, and sex was everything and it was born out in the sty les and colours of Carnaby Street, the mini skirt, Twiggy and the twist. The boring military uniform was transformed into the rainbow colours of the Beatles’ Sergeant Pepper and the crew cut became a mop top. By the time the seventies arrived, division had to appear. Free Love and LSD resulted in addiction and sex-for-sale and fashions split the youth into Mods or Rockers. A macho motorbike riding image was adopted by the rockers, wearing clothes such as black leather jackets and listening to the likes of Elvis and Gene Vincent.While the mods, wearing designer suits protected by Parka jackets and other clean-cut outfits, adopted riding Vespa or Lambretta scooters. Mods favoured listening to rhythm and blues, Ska music and The Who. The mods attention to detail and obsession with style was the complete contrast to their arch rivals the rockers’ love of motor cycles and leather jackets and this often cause friction between the two subcultures. These two subcultures faded from the public view by the late 1960s and media attention turned to two new emerging youth subcultures – the hippies and the skinheads.So, sex and sexuality only became a central theme and basis for fashion and appearance from the 60s and 70s and has developed and expanded on a monumental scale until today, and will continue to do so. Given the strong connection more so between female sexuality and fashion, many people have begun to discuss the ways in which identity and perception from fashion have influenced certain ways women think they ‘should’ or ‘have to’ look like. This couldn’t be more evident than in the media advertisements that surround our environment constantly.These thoughts can often be distorted and obscured, not necessarily the truth and reality of what the average women looks like. Media advertisements for fashion, more often than not, show how women could change or improve their appearance and this is where women’s t houghts and perceptions are drawn from. The easy answer could come from the idea that ‘sex sells’ which is the truth and reality of today. For many products being advertised it is possible to find a sexual connection or connotation.This sexual connection it much easier to set up for men than for women, as men’s sexual desire have minimal criteria; as long as a women looks healthy and young enough, she is desired. By using women’s bodies and associate ‘getting the woman’ with the product, it is easier getting a man’s attention. Thus, playing on his instinctive view rather than his intellectual view of the world. Using sex in advertising to women can be much more difficult, as women are looking for more than mere anatomy. This becomes a cycle where advertising can sell the product because â€Å"women want this ‘product’ in a man.Get the product, get the woman. † The use of healthy, fit men does attract a woman’s instinctive attention and create desire but sexual desire for women is more complex. Women tend to not only focus on man’s physical appearance, but are also corned with the long-run and future with a partner. These factors are often learned through culture and society. Tom Ford’s advertisements for the launch of a male perfume (See Fig. 3) has been considered to be highly controversial, while at the same time it provides insight into the world of advertising sex and appeal and how it works.Tom Ford’s advert is full of suggestion and imagination; the perfume bottle between the woman’s breasts could suggest male genital, not simply just a perfume bottle, creating a very erotic and adventurous feeling to the advert. This therefore makes it extremely appealing to any male who comes across the advert. Male instinct kicks in and immediately it becomes about if I buys this product then will I get lucky in the bedroom? D & G advertisement promoting their 2007 re ady-to-wear collection (See Fig. 4) has also received a lot of controversial feedback.The advertisement showed a woman pinned to the ground by the wrist by a shirtless man, with other men in the background looking on. It is possible to say that the female figure is shown in a degrading manner and offending the dignity of the individual. This can be contrasted by the fact that in her role it can appear that she’s actually willing to yield and surrender to the man’s aggressive behaviour willingly. From Biological Basis of Human Behaviour males have often linked sex and aggression to a certain degree and therefore in return females have learnt this association as well.And in a way if she didn’t enjoy it, it didn’t matter as long as life was create as a result. So, this advert could represent a learned role of females that is possibly now acceptable, enjoyable to an extent and even desired. Thus, it is clear that sex is a strong appeal to use in advertising e ven though it can be gender linked appeal. Fashion and appearance have repeatedly shown to have a massive, immediate and sometimes potent effect on the public in a wide range or circumstances.In particular women’s appearance seems to play a key role to one’s identity and self. Chapkis (1986) has said that, ‘a women is made to feel continually insecure about her physical appearance, and simultaneously so dependent on it. ’ Women, more so than men, are willing to go to dangerous and sometimes painful lengths in order to ‘improve’ and alter their appearance. Thus feeling like we fit with the desired lifestyle and with what is considered socially normal and acceptable in society today.

Death Is Better Than Slavery Essays

Death Is Better Than Slavery Essays Death Is Better Than Slavery Paper Death Is Better Than Slavery Paper Death is better than slavery- Harriet Ann Jacobs African Americans were treated like property and forced to work against their will. They were treated like animals beaten, sold, and raped for no reason at all. Slavery was hell on earth; many slaves would rather die than continue to live. Working in the heat for hours on hours with no water or food was torture. But they had no choices, for example they were unable to learn how to read and write they had no choice if they could get their son or daughter that they just gave birth to. They were punished or even killed was trying to run away. They couldn’t even speak their native language. Slavery was immortal, inhuman, and enduring. Imagine not having a voice for yourself; imagine not being able make decisions. That’s exactly how these African Americans felt being enslaved. The worse feeling had to be for the woman seeing their child sold and knowing that they would never be able to see them again. Being separate from their families had to be an extremely harsh experience that played a role in their mental condition. On top of that they had no sense of literacy. Confusing had to be part of their day to day life. African Americans had no choice but to do what the white man said, slaves were punished for varies of things resisting slavery, not working hard enough, talking too much, or trying to run away. Punishments included being chained to the ground, being whipped, or being hung to die. Dolen Perkins Valdez gave me insight on just how cruel and manipulative these white men were to take these helpless women and trick them into thinking they were just as important as their wives. The author shows Lizzie although she is a slave; she is treated very well by Drayle. She deeply cares for him and experiences a small amount of freedom, but she is not free she still has to work and still gets punished for disobeying him. She is so brainwashed that when she had the chance to leave she didn’t take it. She also gave me insight on how these slaves lost their heritage; they didn’t know where they came from, they couldn’t even speak their native language. One of the most important things someone has is there heritage. If you look in the dictionary heritage is define as something inherited at birth, such as personal characteristics, status, and possessions. Slavery made these African Americans lose who they were and what they were about. They didn’t know where they came from or where they family was. In conclusion Slavery was one of the worse things that have ever happened throughout history. Dolen Perkins Valdez did a great job painting they picture on how slavery was, the many aspects of it. African Americans will never be the same because what their ancestors went through. This in fact has impacted and will never be forgotten as long as we shall live. | |

The Future of Trucking While Deaf

The Future of Trucking While Deaf The trucking experts over at CareersInGear.com recently explored the policies and attitudes the hearing trucking world holds towards Deaf or hard of hearing truckers. It’s not as simple as a question of discrimination based on disability- the physical exam all truckers must pass in order to acquire their CDLs involves a â€Å"forced whisper† test and, failing that, an audiometry test, which they can take with or without their hearing aid.This tests  that truckers must be able to:Make a decision based on emergency sounds/sirensHear sounds of improperly operating mechanicsCommunicate with other drivers, lumpers, consigners, customers, or trucking scales operatorsHowever, not all trucking environments require a perfect ability to hear. Accommodations available for current Deaf and hard of hearing drivers include assistive mirrors, enhanced visual turn indicators, and visual signals of horns, sirens, or loud noises that can be adjusted when a driver goes through a constru ction zone or similarly loud environment. Service dogs are also growing in popularity- trained animals can alert drivers to intruders, door bells, knocks, alarms, and phone calls, and signal drivers that other drivers are trying to talk to them.And what often goes unsaid during discussions of Deaf drivers is that all truckers, regardless of their hearing status when they first climbed into their rig, are losing their hearing during their years on the road. Banning Deaf or hard of hearing drivers from behind the wheel entirely means eventually losing entire generations of experienced, capable drivers!In 2013, responding to repeated requests from the National Association for the Deaf, more than 100 hours of interviews with deaf/hearing impaired drivers, and reports that Deaf drivers actually have fewer distractions behind the wheel, the DOT granted hearing waivers to 40 Deaf drivers. In the next year or so, these drivers should be reporting back on their experiences and whether their safety ratings are similar to  those of hearing drivers. The results should be highly informative to up-and-coming drivers with hearing impairment.

McDonalds Business Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

McDonalds Business - Case Study Example With the growing public awareness and desire for socially responsible businesses, it is significant to note that companies consider planning for future socially responsible business operation (Kotler & Lee, 2004). An analysis on McDonald’s social responsibility evaluates an example of corporate social responsibility shown by McDonalds. McDonald is the largest company in the world that deals in hamburger food restaurants. In reference to McDonald’s corporate social responsibility, the company is taking action, maintaining openness in communication with its customers and shareholders and attaining results. The company works with its suppliers so as to promote socially responsible behaviors or practices in its supply chain as an integral part of the company’s supply chain strategy. This is part of the company’s social responsibility. In addition, the company has designed its own its code of conduct for suppliers which explains how the company desires or expec ts its suppliers to handle and treat their workers. The company has managed and succeeded in supporting suppliers who are removing sow gestation crates in supply chain. For instance, 50% of its Cargill contracted hog farms are all in new generation systems that do not apply gestation stalls for the benefit of the wider community. Additionally, McDonalds gives part of its pre-tax profits to corporate charity or philanthropy as part of its strategy to be socially responsible. The company conducts philanthropic contributions via the Ronald McDonald Houses Charities which focus to create, get and support programs that enhance and improve the well being and health of children in society. This body ensures that children in vulnerable communities can receive medication and dental treatment in order to improve their health and strengthen their respective families. This program aims to change and improve the lives of communities. As part of it being socially responsible, McDonalds has formul ated a way of engaging communities in operations through community based projects. Community based projects have become significant aspect of development assistance among world socially responsible organizations. For instance, McDonalds launched the Flagship farms initiative in Europe that aimed at employing innovative farming methods and practices across Europe and conducts research on how ethical farming practices can be included into commercial farming systems. Therefore, an economic relationship means a strategy of involving communities into business activity of the organization in order to makes sure that communities are embedded in corporate supply chain strategy so as to establish a sustainable business. Case study 2 McDonalds has got well written and designed corporate social responsibility program that it has well implemented in order to ensure that communities are integrated in its business and that it benefits from its business operation. For instance, the McDonald Compan y delivered its inaugural corporate social responsibility report in which the company sought to get extensive feedback from stakeholders and community. The company has included several things in its social responsible program that aim to make it more socially responsible. For instance, they have implemented program that aim to develop sustainable agriculture, employment policies